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A MASONIC ORATION 



ox THE DEATH OF 



BROTHER WILLIAM S. BIJSH, 

LIEUTENANT OF MARINES, 

WHO WAS KILLED ON BOARD THE FRIGATE CONSTITtTlON', 
DURING HER ENGAGEMENT WITH THE BRITISH FRIGATE 
OUERRIER, ON THE 19th OF AUGUST, 1812, 

AS DELIVERED 
ON THE 26th OF NOVEMBER FOLLOWING, 



BEFORE THE OFFICERS OF THE R, W. GRAND EODGE OF PEXNSYLVAXIA, THE 
OFFICERS AlfD MEMBERS OF SEVERAL RESPECTABLE LODGES, AXD THE OFFI- 
CERS AND 3IEMBERS OF LODGE NO. 51, OF WHICH THE DECEASED WAS A 
MEMBER. 



BY THE JUNIOR WARDEN OF SAID LODGE. 

^^ L o ^ ci u r^^ "«^ 'i^ ■■■ ■ "" 

PUBLISHED AT THE REQUEST OF THE BRETHREN. 






PHILADELPHIA: j ^ 

PUBLISHED BY BRADFORD AND INSKE-EFi ► 
NOVEMBER, 1812. 

James Maxwell, Printer. 



.'Rtf 



•> 




FUNERAL ORATION 



Had I Tor tlie subject oi' my story liic vcicran v/ariior ol 
ilic revolution — whose scar-indeiitcd bi-east bore attestiitioii 
of his presence with embattled hosts — I shoivhl liavc found, 
in the variety of circumstance incident upon a course o£ lus- 
trous events, a sufficiency of narrative to interest the feel- 
ings of my brethren. Or, were I endowed with the fasci- 
nating powers of an orator, I might presume, by the force 
of eloquence, to command the attention which I am now 

compelled to solicit. 

Eulogy of the dead, in modern days, has nearly lost its 
tbrce. Panegyric is blazoned forth to depict ideal virtues, 
which had been else unknown. Merit is confounded with 
baseness—honour with disgrace. Praise and encomium are 
indiscriminately lavished upon the virtuous and the immo- 
ral citizen. The laboured and pompous tribute of respect 
is now no longer viewed as a record of the public regret, 
but is regarded as the mere ebullition of sorrow, experi- 
enced by an honest heart, blind to the frailties and vices of 
his friend. It is found to be dictated by the warmth of per- 
5ional {Attachment, moro than by a strict regard for tlie uu 



4 

crriiij^laws of truth; and to represent what the man should 
have been, rather than what he was. But, my brethren, al- 
though by this perverted exercise of posthumous praise, the 
citizen, whose transcendent excellence had commanded the 
esteem of all who lived within the sphere of his worth, has 
sometimes slumbered in the dust, unnoticed, because undis- 
tinguished in the heterogeneal mass; yet this has not been 
the lot of the brave and meritorious youth, whose virtues 
we are now assembled to commemorate. The name of the 
gallant Bush has resounded throughout the States, and 
joined with those of his renowned companions in arms, has 
added lustre to his country's fame. A national sympathy 
sweetens the sorrows, and assuages the grief, of the rela- 
tives of our departed brother. Testimonials of respect for 
his memory, have been in various places publicly announced; 
whilst his amiable and endearing manners, his correct and 
manly deportment, have been, by numerous circles of his ac- 
quaintance, loudly proclaimed to the world. 

Accompany me, my brethren, to the cradle of our infant 
friend— proceed with me thence, o'er the gay and flowery 
paths of juvenile enjoyments, to the fatal scene of action, 
where the direful messenger of death arrested the valiant 

hero's course. 

William S. Bush was born on the 27th of July, 178^* 
at Wilmington, in the state of Delaware. His father, John 
Bush, who was a native of that state, had resided in Phila> 
delphia at the commencement of the revolution, when he 
volunteered in the service of his country as a private, but . 
was afterwards promoted to the rank of a captain, in the 
Pennsylvania line. Towards the conclusion of the war, he 



removed to Wilmington, and remaining there but a short 
time after the birth of his son William, he settled with his 
family upon a farm in Talbot county, on the eastern shore of 
Maryland. After a residence there of about five years, he 
lost his affectionate consort, which induced him, soon af- 
ter, to return, with his infant children, to Wilmington, at 
which place, however, he did not long continue. He again 
removed to his farm in Maryland, where he passed the resi- 
due of his days, and died in 1806. 

The family of Mr. Bush was highly respectable, and 
furnished more champions than himself, for the cause of 
freedom. He had three brothers who were engaged in the 
glorious contest, '^ that tried men's souls." The eldest of 
these, major Lewis Bush, fell at the battle of Brandywine; 
the second, major George Bush, survived the revolution, 
and died in Wilmington about the year 1794; and the young- 
est, David Bush, who had been a surgeon of a vessel of war, 
died at Newcastle in the year 1803. Of the first of these 
gallant brothers, an interesting anecdote shall be related, as 
an example of the bold and patriotic spirit which pervaded 
the breasts of the family. When wounded by a musket ball 
which he received in his thigh, he mentioned it to one of his 
oflicers, who ordered a file of men to assist him oif the field 
of battle. But he refused their aid, telling the ofl^icer, that 
" they could be more serviceable by continuing to fight in 
defence of their country, than in saving him.'^ On attempt- 
ing to leave the theatre of action alone, his loss of blood be- 
came so excessive, that he paused — and, turning round to 
face the enemy? died, sword in hand! 



The subject of our present memoir, who had, at a very 
early age, been deprived of the kind endearments and ca- 
resses of a fond mother, was instructed under the immediate 
eye of his father, by a private teacher in his family. His 
education — owing to the distance of his place of residence 
from a eoUege, or, perhaps, to the circumscribed limits 
of his fatlier's means, was not what is termed liberal, hav- 
ing been confined to the study of his native language, and to 
those branches of knowledge which are usually taught in an 
English school. His talents, however, were of a respecta- 
ble order, and enabled him to acquire a fund of information, 
calculated to give him a dignified rank in the general round 
of conversation. His manners were soft, modest, and unaf- 
fected — his disposition warm, generous, and humane — his 
attachment to his friends, ardent and sincere. His courage, 
even from childhood, was of the most determined cast, and 
claimed kindred to the blood which flowed from his gallant 
uncle's veins. Averse to quarrels and contentions, he was 
however, firm in support of his honour and his rights. He 
knew not how to give, or to take an insult — but, liable to the 
frailties of human nature, if guilty of error, he was as rea- 
dy to make reparation, as he was, when due to him, to de- 
mand it. 

When arrived to the period of life, at which a young man 
is expected to make choice of a profession, he was placed, by 
his father, under the care of a merchant, to acquire a know- 
ledge of trade. But this avocation not being congenial to his 
turn of mind or inclination, he abandoned, after a trial of 
one or two years, and commenced the laborious employment 
of a farmer, which he prosecuted with great industry un- 



7 

111 after the death of his father. At the interesting period 
of the attack on the Chesapeake, when the spirit of the na- 
tion arose in all its majesty, young Bush was appointed a 
lieutenant in the militia of his state, and when a call for vo- 
lunteers was made by the president, was of the number of 
those who tendered their services to the government. 

We now behold the aspiring youth enter upon the stage 
of life. His ambition and his love of country unite, in in- 
viting him to the profession of arms. At that time, it is 
true, his country was not engaged in war; but, as he held 
the doctrine of Washington, our immortal brother, that 
^< the best mode of preserving peace, is to be always pre- 
pared for war," he was resolved to qualify himself for her 
defence, and to obey her call, whenever political events 
should demand his services. As a lieutenant in the corps 
of marines, an appointment which he obtained in the sum- 
mer of 1808, he distinguished himself for his mild and cour- 
teous manners towards those, whom an All-wise Providence, 
by placing in the humbler walks of life, had permitted to 
be subject to his command. It is, brethren, in stations like 
these, where the relation of superiority must be acknow- 
ledged and enforced, that the generous feelings of masonry, 
are most virtuously displayed. Urbanity of manners to an 
equal, is indispensable to the comforts of society. Respect- 
ful deportment to a superior, is an obligation. Condescen- 
sion to inferiors is a pleasing duty, which reflects more 
honour upon the noble souls who practise it, than the pos- 
session of endless titles— even should they be " more ancient 
than the golden fleece or Roman eagle, or more honourable 
than the star or garter." Nor, did our valued brother in the 



8 

exercise of his finer feelings of sensibility, forget the duty 
he owed his country, or the respect which was due to him- 
self. He was aware, that upon a rigid adherence to the 
established usages of war, the safety of the nation, and the 
happiness of his soldiers, depended. He knew that insubor- 
dination, or irregularity of conduct, were subversive of the 
military system, and, that to permit them to exist, would 
be to destroy the interests of the public service. He was 
also apprised, that discipline, when properly understood and 
established, so far from being incompatible with the exercise 
of humanity, is the only means of effecting that harmony 
and order, which distinguish an organized army from a 
tumultuous rout. 

In the year 1810, Mr. Bush, who had been promoted 
from the rank of a second to that of a first lieutenant, find- 
ing, from the current of political sentiment, that the pros- 
pects of a war were not such as were likely soon to afford 
opportunities for the display of those heroic qualities, the 
natural bent of which had inclined him to the profession of a 
soldier — anticipating also, that without an active service to 
engage the mind, and occupy the time of an officer, he miglit 
be in danger of acquiring habits of indolence, and of living 
beyond the scanty means afforded him by his pay, he very 
prudently resolved to abandon his favourite pursuit, until a 
more inviting opportunity for fame and fortune sliould be 
presented. After deliberate reflection, and in accordance 
with the advice of his friends, he tendered his resignation, 
which was accepted. But, no sooner had the intelligence 
reached the ears of his brother officers, than a respectable 
body, composed as well of those of younger as of senior rank. 



waited upon the secretary of the navy, and entreated him to 
recall his acceptance of lieutenant Bush's resignation. Such 
a generous and nohle-minded conduct on tht; part of the 
junior officers, whose advancement on the scale of promotion 
would be prejudiced by the granting of tliis request, indi- 
cated an exalted esteem for the merits of their gallant fel- 
low soldier. He was accordingly invited to return to the 
service, with such marks of flattering regard as could not 
be resisted. He resumed his commission, and abandoned 
for the time an idea of settling in the western country, 
which he had previously indulged. 

During the summer of the past year, our military friend 
was stationed upon the recruiting service, at several of the 
principal inland tow ns of this state. Whilst in the perform- 
ance of his public duties, lie found leisure for the exercise 
of those social qualities, with which he was so eminently 
endowed. His uniformly correct and moral deportment, 
whilst others, seduced by the allurements of fancied plea- 
sures, were revelling in dissipation and excess, attracted the 
attention of the most respectable of the inhabitants. His 
acquaintance was courted — respect for his amiable and gen- 
tlemanly demeanor was succeeded by esteem — and a sincere 
regard for the polished soldier, the sedate youth, and intel- 
ligent citizen, excited in the breasts of all, a lively interest 
in his future prospects and fortunes. 

In the autumn of the same year, our friend became again 
iQiscouraged as to the appearance of active employment. 
'** The speck of war," which had more than once displayed 
itself upon the political horizon, had nearly vanished. He 
began a second time to contemplate a retirement from the 



iO 

public service, and in autieipalion ofthiit design, visited tlie 
state of Ohio, ^vJiere he piiiclrased some lands. This appa- 
rent change of resolution, mj brethren, is not to be regard- 
ed as an indication of a vacillating, unsteady mind. It un- 
folded the principles of an exalted genius — it proclaimed a 
determination to rise to eminence by signal feats of valour, 
or, by the exercise of the hardy toils of agriculture, to be- 
come useful to his country. But our officer desirous of af- 
fording himself the chance of pi'osccuting his darling pur- 
suit, which might be produced by another session of con- 
gress, concluded to await the result of their deliberations. 

Tt was during this interval of interesting suspense, that 
lieutenant Bush, who had been for upwards of a year sta- 
tioned chiefly at Philadelphia, w as initiated into the myste- 
ries of our order. The advantages to result from an ac- 
quaintance with the science of free-masonry, in the course 
of the expected war, which might place him at the mercy of 
the enemy, or render him the conqueror of a fallen, pros- 
trate foe, offered to his liberal and benevolent mind, in- 
ducements ibr partaking in the benefits of the institution. 
At the altar of the temple, in which we are now assembled, 
was he first taught his masonic duties. By the worshipful 
master of the lodge which has honoured me with the privi- 
lege of addressing you upon this solemn occasion, was he 
first shown the mystic light. 

At length the period arrived, when his country called for 
the arm of our gallant brother, to assert her rights and 
avenge her Avrongs. The summons was obeyed with all 
those feelings of virtuous ardour, which so proudly distin- 
guish the patriot soldier. A short time previous to the de- 



il 

olaration of \\;ir, he had been appointed to the frigate ('on' 
stitution, then lying at Washington, >vhere a sliort time after 
he entered upon the duties of his station. Tliat ship, Mhen 
provided with a crew and ample munitions of war, sailed 
upon a cruise from tlie Chesapeake in the month of July. 
After being at sea a short tijne, slie was chased by a British 
squadron for sixty live successive hours, when, by the un- 
paralleled skill and exertions of her officers and crew, she 
escaped the grasp of the enemy. In tliis preeminent display 
of nautical science, so honourable to the brave seamen who 
accomplished it, and so portentous of tlieir future glory, we 
are not to look for any essential services on the part of 
lieutenant Bush. His post in the marine department, which 
has no agency in the navigation of the sliip, deprived him 
of opportunities for the exercise of his mental energies and 
talents. To those alone, who achieved the splendid exploit^ 
be all the merit ascribed. 

But the Genius of our happy land, during the continu- 
ance of this hard struggle for safety, did not rest an idle 
spectator of the interesting scene — 

From realms of light beyond our mortal reach, 
She views her war-like sons undaunted brave^ 
With manly nerve, the toil of sleepless nights, 
With steps as fleet as Sol's diurnal course, 
She bends her way to Heaven's exalted fane. 
Where sat in council, all the host of war. 
Her near approach, the crested Pallas hails, 
With courteous mein and language bland, she thus 
Anticipates the object of her haste. 
** Be cheerful daughter," spake the maid divine. 



12 

** Two moons shall not their wonted routes perform, 

♦*'Till thy brave sons, whose worth we've now essayM, 

** Behold their batt'rie& whelm the humbled foe. 

*< E'en now for valour's brow is thrice prepared, 

^'A crown of laurels, of unfading hue; 

" The names of Hull, of Morris, and of Bush, 

** Are on the records of eternal fame 

** Most deeply graved." The joyous news proclaimed, 

A heart-felt gladness did at once inspire. 

Columbia's guardian with becoming grace. 

Expressed her gratitude for this renown. 

Intended for her highly favour'd charge. 

But when prepared the martial court to leave. 

Her mirth was saddened by this stern decree: 

*^ Man, proud, rebellious, must be oft chastised; 

"Without the scourge of Adverse fortune's school, 

** He would exalt himself above the gods, 

*' Would dare their power, and their thrones assail. 

<* This promised glory must be bought with blood: 

<*But, whose the doom to pay the forfeit price, 

^* Must be from all, save the dread fates, concealed* 

^^ The cruel sisters, never to divulge 

«* The solemn secrets of their court, are bound. 

"Their victims mark'd, their shafts are quickly aimed, 

" And sent, like rays of light, unerring down, 

" At times, to force a tyrant from the earth, 

«* But oft to call a valued friend to Heav'n." 

Enough was said, th' etherial vision ceased: 

The spangled arch of space immense in view. 

Our Guardian Genius leaves the vaulted sky. 



n 
.0) 



The event of the nineteenth of JluguBt^ that ever memo- 
rable day, when the skill and valour of our nation was ar- 
rayed in hostile combat against the prowess of a brave and 
powerful foe, affords us all an ample source of exultation. 
If ever as a people, we had just cause for the excitement 
of our national pride, it was upon that illustrious occasion. 
We behold a ship notorious for her insults to our flag, and 
confessedly one of the stateliest frigates in the British ser- 
vice, engaged in single action with an American frigate. We 
behold the enemy commence his fire at the moment that his 
adversary hadapproached within the reach of his guns, and 
continue it without intermission as he advanced, with all that 
confidence of superiority and success, so generally displayed 
by an ostentatious commander. We perceive on the other 
hand — an American ship of somewhat superior force — but 
navigated by a raw and inexperienced crew — without re- 
turning a shot in exchange, approach under the galling fire 
of her assailant — with all that coolness and intrepidity, so 
characteristic of her dauntless officers. We see the gallant 
Hull, with veteran firmness and composure, restrain the reso- 
lute ardour of his men. We hear, between the roaring peals 
of British thunder, his cheering voice exclaim— "^Not yet- 
not yet— nor yet — fire!" — The ships are now in close and 
bloody conflict— the mizenmast of the enemy goes by the 
board, and renders his ship ungovernable — His prow be- 
comes entangled in our mizen shrouds— and now is the fury 
of the battle. Our brave marines, with their heroic com- 
mander at their head, leading them on to glory, and rush- 
ing himself to death— prepare to cover our boarders or re- 
pel those of the enemy. But this desperate resort is ren- 



14 

dered unnecessary. The main and foremasts of the British 
ship fall over her side, precipitating into a watery grave, 
many honest hearts that deserved a hetter fate. The three 
flags of the enemy so tauntingly displayed at her topmasts' 
heads — now humbly float upon the bosom of the ocean— 
whilst the victorious colours of the Republic, are seen tri- 
umphantly waving before the breeze. But, my brethren, 
to us, as Masons f the most interesting scene of this glorious 
achievement, remains to be told. We behold the enemy's 
ship in a wrecked and sinking state. We hear the conque- 
rors hail their vanquished foes as friends. We see them' 
extend the hand of benevolence and protection towards the 
wretched suff*erers, and relieve their wants. We see them 
bind up the wounds of the languishing prisoners, and rescue 
them from a sepulchre of waves. This is indeed, to admi< 
nisterthe corn of nourishment, the oil of consolation, and the 
wine of refreshment. These are actions, my brethren, 
<< dear to the best feelings of masonry and humanity, and 
enjoined eve.n b/the rigid laws of honour and of war." 

But, my brethren, we must not suffer an excess of joy at 
the prosperity of ourcountry's arms, to obliterate our masonic 
duties. As citizens, Ave have much cause of pride — as masons, 
great occasion for regret. In the noble contest, we have 
lost a highly valued brother — one whose moral virtues pro- 
mised, at a future day, to do honour to the principles of our 
order; and whose heroic powers were calculated to achieve 
for his country, the most brilliant services. To use the lan- 
guage of the immortal poet, 

«< I do not think a braver gentleman, 

" More active -valiant, or more valiant-young, 



15 

« More daring or more bold, is now alive 
" To grace this latter age with noble deeds." 

When an intimate companion of our departed brother was 
taking leave of him a few months since, the latter thus ex- 
pressed himself, with all the fervency of youthful courage: 
" My dear friend, I scarcely hope to sec you again. I ex- 
pect to be ordered to the Constitution. Should we get into 
an engagement, I am resolved to distinguish myself, or fall 
in the attempt. Should an opportunity be afforded for 
boarding the enemy, I will be the first man upon his deck." 
Such language as this bespoke the intrepidity of his soul, 
and proclaimed the firmness of the hero. Similar to the 
spirit of this also was his address to his men, prior to the ac- 
tion which terminated his illustrious career: "You are this 
day, my brave fellows, called upon to avenge the injured 
rights of your country, and I trust your conduct will be 
such, as to reflect honour upon yourselves, and upon the 
nation." " His whole conduct during the action," to use 
the words of one of his associates in danger, " was indica- 
tive of daring intrepidity, united with great coolness and 
presence of mind." It Avas, whilst in the performance of 
the exposed and hazardous duty, of arranging his men to 
protect the boarders of his ship, or repel those of the enemy, 
and near the conclusion of the battle, that our gallant bro 
ther met his untimely fate. A musket ball entered bv the 
left cheek-bone, and passing obliquely through the brain, ter- 
minated, at the instant, his short-lived glory. "His spirit 
ascended amid the roar of cannon and the din of arms, (he 
first herald to the skies of the naval glory of his country"— 
whilst his lifeless visage, by a placid smile, proclaimed what 
his speechless tongue could no longer utter^- 



«» 



16 

Dulce ct decorum est, pro patria mori.'* 

Peace be to thy manes, excellent, though ill-fated youth! 
Thy country mourns in thee, the loss of one of her noblest 
sons — whilst we, thy brethren of the mystic tie, shed a tear 
to the memory of thy departed worth! May that " Grand 
Lodge above, not made with hands, eternal in the heavens," 
be the seat of thy everlasting abode! 



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